External-combustion engine with water injection



Sept. 23, 1952 L. B. PATTERSON 2,611,240

EXTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE WITH WATER INJECTION Filed May 11, 1948 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Pre-Combusiion Cell IN VEN TOR. iflWffA/Cf 5 PIZ'FEJO/V yaw/7r Sept. 23, 1952 B. PATTERSON 0 EXTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE WITH WATER INJECTION Filed May 11, 1948 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 l m l// 4 9Q llbl M3 INVENTOR. Ma a/m. ,8. 747762.?!0/V Sept.- 23, 1 952 B. PATTERSON EXTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE WITH WATER INJECTION 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed May 11, 1948 Water injecflon passage INVENTOR. Z4 ma /v65 6. 247752.50

EXTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE WITH WATER INJECTION Filed May 11, 1948 Sept. 23, 1952 1.. B. PATTERSON 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR. Z A 14495/1/6'55 97 775mm a isms immmmmmmmmmmmmmmm Patented Sept. 23, 1952 UNITED STAT EIS- PaT- NT Q G EXTERNAL-COMBUSTIONENGINEFWITH "WATER'INJEGTION kEawrenceBa Patterson, Meadviiiejla. v .ApiflicatiomMayII,1948;Seriai NQ -ZGAGE reclaims. "(01. 60439.25)

EIh'is' inventiomrelates to" an externa'1%"combusti'on-i engine-and has for one'ofits objectsthe production ofa simple and 'efiicient means for increasing efliciency' of the'engine, which-is ordinariiy lost in theconventi'onal type citinternal combustion: engines;

.further' object ofthis -invention is 'ftheproducti'on' of a simple and" efficient means for injecting water into a combustion chamber of" an 'engine iin a manner whereby the heat in the combustion chamber turns the waterinto steam to increase, pressure. thereinv and to. recluse-temperature within the. combustion chamber.

Other. objects and. advantages of this invention will appear throughout the following SIEGiflf-r I cationand .elaims.

Ingthe drawings IiEi'gure. .i1i :a. .fnont. Ie1evationa1' View or; "the engine a portion of the. cylinder and, combustion chamber-'andother, parts beingshown in vertical section;

Figure ;2 is aside ielevationai view llookingiat right-angles to 'Figure I, .nertain. .parts. being broken away;

Eig-urefi is'afragmentarytoppian view .of the engine... showing two. combustion. chambers. with the valve carrying 'casing Iemoved;

Figure 4 is. a fragmentary side .elevational. view showing the engine with the valvecarrying casmg in-place;

. Figure 5l-issa vertical sectional. view taken. on. 1i-ne.-5 5 of Figure .4, certain parts. being shown. in. e1evation;

Figure 6 is a sectional view through the. operating' parts f the invention.intassociationi with anexhaustmanifold, certainparts being shown inwelevation the opposite :side. of the waterinjector valve. being shown. to that. of. .Figure.v 1;

Figure Tisaisectionai view taken on..1ine 1-1 oirFigurefi;

.Figure 8 ;is= an end view ofithe thermostat .unit, with the end cover removed;

Figure 9 is an enlarged fragmentary long-itudinaisectionai. view of thewateninjegtorvalve;

ii'Figure .310 :isza-a :sectionalview .-taken. .on.-1ine lFigurl L:is;.:a:p1an*xziewtoff' the disc: whichfits overithei'packingx adjusting nutshown. iniiigure. 6, foradjustingrithezpackin -i Figure fIZis a :top plan :view: ofather rocker-arm, roller, andpart of-"the:='cam shaft;

Figure 13 isa vertical side view of' the-structure showni;n-Figme 12, certainxpartswbeing shown. in :sec'tion',v "the-opposite side of the rocker arm being shown-to that of I Figure 1 .;Eigure;.;1- 4 is amend elevationat wiewof the.

strncture shownin, Eigures; -12 vand-13, a portion of.:t.h,e;:m1'1er :contacti-ngthe: cam-a being .-sh0wn\-in. section,.- ;and

T-Fig.ure;. l:5:. .is:a. vertical; sectional view- {taken on 1ine1l;5..4:5.:oiEi-gu1te 3-,;certamparts beingshcwin.

imelevation.

By reierring .to-:the-drawin; itwill ba-.-seen that ddr-(notelrli'ig'ure:61) designates the eonven-- tional manifold. casing; of: a ;:,co,mbusti0n engine. Theieasingi liQ; i'S;.;Dl0Videdi with;an1v intake port. l lg-leading? fmm anglindezt-te receivestheexhaust and any desired'inum-benof,;portsarray-be ;proI- anqangzularly-rextending :n assa e I 2 which-forms a:. connnnnicationbetWeen the. "manifold. easing wtandione. end, of. the/thermostat unit I :31. The.

unitil ads provided with-a chamber=l.4.- at zonezend thereof having direct communication. with the. manifo'l'dicasingx,lfliithrough ithe portgifii -Adistributorvalvei "I 6 :having aport Hie-is .rotatably mounted-intermediate "the :ends -.of theatuber 1-2 which '-..c.onstitutes. (a. ssage within the valve.

housing 11. This valve: 116.- maybe. :rotated a communication between the compartment,..2fl

and the, exhaust manifold easing-t0- ata poms beyond the entrance port II, as shown .inrFigure. 6. Part; ;of the'exhaust gases will pass; from the casing I0. into the compartment .14., throughthe; apertured bafile wall 18', around thecoiled'bi-m metal thermostat 22 of the conventional type .andout, from the .chamber 29 through i the. port.

23: to-the'casing =l:0 .byi means of the. tube 2 I which constitutes a passage. The-thermostat- .22 isan- The compartment on chored to; the; arm 18?. chamber 20. ispmvided. with; an inner end wallv 2-5ithrough which :theshaft: 24- extendsunit. t3 -.is:provided with cooling .01; ventilating apertures-izfiibeyond, theswa'li 2-5 to maintain. theeparts containing:hydraulic. ;fiuid: at a sufii-cientiy low temperature. "(As-shown-in.;Eigure=6, the. wall 18 "ismarried. hywasleevethrough. which the shaft 24 extends, this sleeve being in turn carried by an outer wall |8 which is clamped in the outer end of the unit l3. Suitable spanner wrench receiving sockets are formed in the outer face of the wall l8 to facilitate turning the wall l8 to adjust the thermostat 22.

A compressed air chamber 21 is fitted at the end of the unit l3 and the shaft 24 projects therethrough, as shown in Figure 6. A plug 26 closes the hole in the chamber 21. A closure disc 29 is carried by the end of the shaft 24 within the hydraulic chamber 30 which abuts the chamber 21. A partition 3| separates the chambers 21 and 30. This partition 3| is provided with ports 32 which provide a communication between the compartments or chambers 21 and 30. The closure disc 29 has a slight clearance with the partition 3| so the disc 29 will turn freely as the thermostat 22 is adjusted by the varying temperatures. This disc 29, however, is provided with apertures 33 which are adapted to registerwith the ports 32 and provide communication between the compartment or chambers 21 and 30 as the shaft which carries the disc 29 turns and as the thermostat 22 expands or contracts as the temperature thereabout varies. Before the engine reaches normal running temperature. the ports 32 and 33, shown in Figure 8, are in line or register and are normally open. The chambers 21 and 30 may be anchored together in any desired manner as by bolts passing through suitable apertures such as the apertures 34 shown in Figure 8.

The switch or contact arm 35 is carried by the outer end of the shaft 24 and a contact point 3'! is connected to one side of the source of electrical supply and is located to one side of the arm 35 and secured to the unit l3, see Figure 7. The arm 35 has a wire 36 leading to the opposite side of the line. This constitutes a make-and-break switch which is provided with suitable electrical connections described in they following. The switch arm 35 is suitably insulated from the supporting metal parts of the device. The switch 35 is connected to a battery. When the engine is cold or when the fuel has been shut off, and the thermostat'22 cools a few degrees below running temperature, the thermostat 22 will rotate the shaft 24. to close the contact between the switch 35 and contact point 31. This contact will cause the current to flow through switch 35 and point 31 and then to any suitable ignition device in the combustion chamber. After the engine warms up, the switch 35 will be moved away from the point 31 when fuel comes in contact with other hot surfaces which maintain ignition. The expansion of the thermostat 22 as it becomes heated will move the switch 35 away from the point 31.

It should be noted that the chamber 30 communicates with a pipe line 40 which is connected to an inverted T-joint 4|. This joint 4| communicates with the bottom end of a chamber 42 carried by the hydraulic fluid reservoir 43. The hydraulic fluid reservoir 43 also carries a reservoir compartment 44 in which a supply of fluid is carried. A spring-pressed piston plunger 45 is slidably mounted in the compartment or chamber 42 and the lower end of the plunger 45 lies above the communicationport 46 formed in the parti-. tion wall 41, which separates the chambers 42, and 44. When the plunger 45 is depressed it closes the port 46 and when it is released or raised under action of the spring 48 theport 46 is opened. When the engine is started, the plunger 45 is actuated by the cam 49 which cam is carried by the actuating shaft 50.

A water injector valve housing 5| is provided having a diaphragm housing 52. This housin 52 is provided with a fluid compartment or chamber 53. One side of the chamber 53 is closed by a diaphragm 54 and this diaphragm 54 is engaged by a spring-pressed plunger 55. A pipe 56 forms a communication between the joint 4| and the chamber 53 as shown in Figure 6. The housing 52 may be secured to the housing 5| in any suitable manner in spaced relation thereto by means of three bolts such as the bolt 51 carrying a spacing sleeve 5'! shown. The valve housing 5| is provided with a projecting threaded neck 58 which extends through the wall of the combustion chamber 59. A collar 60 is carried near the end of the neck 58 and is provided with an annular exterior channel 6| and an aperture 62 communicating with an aperture. 63 in the neck 58 which aperture 63 in turn communicates with the central bore 64 ofthe neck 58.; The apertures 62 and 63 also communicate with the water passage 65 in the wall of the combustion chamber 59. A suitable water pump 93-see Figure 2-may be provided to] maintain the water passing through passages 65 at a required pressure.

The neck 58, as stated above, is provided with a bore 64, the outer end of which constitutesa valve'seat 66. A valvestem 61 is threaded into andsecured to the end of the plunger 55, as shown, and this valve stem 61, is provided with 'an enlarged valve head 68 having outwardly 11, that the spring-pressed plunger 55 carries a packing nut'lfl which is threaded into the housing 5| fer compressing the packing H. The nut 10 carries a disc 12 having peripheral notches T3 to facilitate rotation of the disc 12 and nut 70 for adjusting the packing The notches 13 are adapted to receive a suitable wrench for this purpose and the'central aperture 14 receives a suitably shaped portion of the nut 10 to facilitate the rotation of the-nut l0.

It should be noted that as the piston 59 of the engine compresses air into one of thetwo combustion chambers 59- and the valve 81' for that combustion chamber closes at the top of the stroke, a predetermined pressure forces the engine valve 81 against its seat thereby preventing its opening from high pressure gases as they enter the cylinder from the other combustion chamber.

In Figures 12, 13 and 14, there. is .shown a rocker arm structure for use in con'nectionwith the structure above described. An actuating camshaft 50 is shown which carries a cam 15. ."This cam 15 engages the upper and lower. rollers 16 and 11 which are carried by a rocker arm 18, the rocker'arm 18 being pivoted on the shaft 19. A spring contacts-the rocker arm 18 to hold the roller ll against the cam 15. A stationary abutment 8| supports the spring 80. The rocker arm 18 carries an eye bolt 82 which extends through the apertured end 83and carries; nuts 84 and 84.

- angers nneeteatctnerere aecarried by-the conventional valve stm &1 "A washer B8 is carried-by the yoke flt and: spring- 89 is supportedmythe washer --88=. fliie c'am iesa sleevaflll and a washer-9| A washer 92 contacts the lowerr -end-- of 'the *nut;- 8 8 '8 n'd thisrwasher carries: pins ii 93: which: are: zslidably mounted 'insuitabie' holes theanutzaser toz allow foralinritedi .downwardimovement of he washer 92 and, rat the: same: time pr'event the: nut lia from turning. 11: should; bein'ote-dcithat therroller' 1.6 i is :mounted on.:an:. eccentrie pin 94,:zwhieh1pin mayabe *addustedl to moveilthermolleri toward or" away from i the i cam 15' itoiqp-rovide"; 0 a :fslight clearance sgbetweenuthe rollers -31 8 and iandtth'ez cam lfi, when theavalveis'elosing,

, ,Itshould benotedithat the tension-f the spring 89 maybe, adjusted byithreadingrthe nut 88am, the desired directionrupion the;threaded. eyefldolt 82. After the valveseats,the roekerzarmimay' continue to: swing against the tension of the Spring 89 until the; washer 92 moves away; from the nut 88%,. .due to thejfact" that itheJsPi si-JSJ are slidablymounted vthisnut-2 1138%. iThe: rocker arm 18. forces downwardly against the; washer. SI and sleeve 90 .toiaccornplish;the downward movement of the washer 32'. This "operation allows the iullpressure ofthe spring, saitoiiorcethe valveagainst the :valve seat. Thisistructure provides atmea ns I for ,compensatingfor wearupon the .arm '18 and also provides a maximum, variationtofuadiustment. It should be, noted in Figure 13 "that the aperture in the eye :85 of, the bolt- 82 is exaggerated sizeto permitithea parts to properlyfunction. 1 k p It should be. understood that. ,i-ntheoperation of the engine the piston compressesiair intoone of the two combustion chambers EiG andthe-valve 81*" forthat combustion, chamber 1' closes at thetop'stroke. A predetermined pressureforces the valve against its seat preventing its opening lfrom" hign'pressure gases as they enter the eyl'inder from an adjoining or other combustion 'ci'iarnher. A's"thepiston o'fthe' engine oniitsldownward stroke uncovers the exhaust portl'llfi liproviding Communication with the angular pertlfi the exhaust" gas distributor rotary valve.-fi'I6;, part.of

the'exhaustgases"from the exhaust ,mani'fold'lffl} will pass tooneoi th'etwdthermostat chambers M, the two" chambers being shown iriiFigurefY; and the gases will alternately'passito the" shame ber' M in one'unit I'3 and then to. adjacent [unit [S as thevalve ifi'rotat'es'. "The units ]3 and T3 are mounted side by side" and aresimilarly', constructed; the-unit i3beingshown in end eleva'-' tion', and the unit F3 bein'g shown in "section" through thechamber crcompartment I 41 Each unit" lit-andl ii 'is connected and supported in'a similar manner upontheexhausvmanifold I0 and each 'unitis provided witha tube similar to the tube 2 lleadingbacktothe' exhaust manifold; It should be understoodthat the units may" be" rotate,.the-exhaustgas distributor being; gearedto rotate at one-half crankshaft speed, the

aneularrpqrt ifi wiu pass; the ;exhanst;-eases;

rroiri thefnianffoid I 0" ntotthe auieinixrgunin ti during the n'ext exhaust period, ":The' passage I2 oi -eachnnitreceivesi the exhaust gases-:and directs the same to the vthermostat:iwhich -:con--' trols the injection into that. particularii' com bustion chamber. Thus; the-same thermostat a-lways' reacts toflthe gases from the same com bastion cham ber. It' will he noted that ;the tuhe or passage 12 has its entrance endw'in close proximity to the exhaust port .I lexofittheicylinder 59. \When' the engineds colde theiaperturessm in the" disc 2 9 line up with 'the -.ports 32 allow-- ing' fiuid to passn'fr'om chamberxiin td 21. When the: engine is started, this will rotate :the cam 49; Upon-the downward; stroke of i then-aspi ing" pressed plunger 4 S -as the cam l' l 9 iis-frotated, this plunger 45 1 will force the hydraulic :nuiefrom the reservoir 44 down through "pipe lfl into:chamberemthrough apertures-3'3,;ports 32; compressing air? in the: :air; space" ll gisee-l igure- 6,01 the chamber-27. On the upward strokefo'i the'plunger 45, the compressed air initheicham ber 21 forces the hydraulic fluid backthrough the line v:lii in ba reverse: direction. Thus', i as the plunger :45 is actuated, the .hydraulie l-fluld through. I As resistance:to':new vof 'iiuid.increases;

pressure of: the fluid initheipiper or'llinesrllh'and 56 increases during' the downward. strokerofl-ithe plunger 45. "When sufiicientpressurehas :been reached, pressure on th'e diaphragm :54, :see Figure 6, willfbjeco'me great enoughnto overcome the tension of the spring plun'ger .i5',;-and:th'ere by move thej valve' head 68 from itsziseat TBS. Water underhigh pressure greateri than the gases; in the combustion chamber is. .thenforced through the passage $65lan'd into the combustion chamber 59. The amount of water. sprayed into" th'e combustion chamber will depend'upon; the position of the headfifi: due "to the: tapering chan-: nels' whichextend longitudinally of the head'68.= Thevalve head 68-wil1 open wider to spray more water into the combustion chamber 59 'as higher' exhaust temperature causes a higher 'hydraulic fluid pressure on thediaphragm flt I have described the detafls'o'fithe'elementsi shown in Figurese to :14 inclusive :in the tore-v going, "whereas the" following description deals" By referring particularly to Figures 1 L te- 5 inclusive, it'will be noted that twoeylinderstof' an engine are shown, although any proper nume-v berof cylinders maybe used withoutv departing:

from'the spirit of the invention. Suitable bear-'1 ings, brackets and thelike which are omitted:

may be added Where required. In Figure 1 the combustion chamber-' is designated.:at;5i!

which is located above the "operating cylinder 59 in which cylinder is located the piston 559i;

The exh'aust port I] leads from Jthehtlliifidr 519 tU-th exhaust manifold 0."

A crankshaft helical gear."st drivestheegear 9:11 which is carried: byithei'shaftiaiisandi this's'haaft. aiatzonef-zmlficranks'hafit speeds shaft .95 also drives-the shaft l6 by means of gears 95 and the shaft50 .by meansjof gears 95 also at one-half crankshaft speed. The fuel pump 98 and the water pump 99, as well as the exhaust gas distributer are driven from the shaft IS. A water line I00 is connected to the water tank, not shown, and thehigh pressure waterline IDI conveys water to the water injector valves. This water in the line Illl may be preheated, if desired, such forinstance, by passing through a coil which is heated by exhaustgases. The water is raised to the desired temperature after passing through the connections NH -see, Figures 4 and and then through coils H3 of the respective combustion chambers to which they are connected The water leaves the coil H3 at the upper end H3 of each coil and then goes directly to the water injector valve 5| of its respective combustion chamber, through the passage 65 shown in Figure 6 in-the wall of the combustion chamber 59, and is then sprayed into the combustion chamber, 59.

- The camshaft 50 shown in Figures 1, 2 and 6 actuates the valves 81 of the engine combustion chambers, as well as the hydraulic plunger 45. The hydraulic lines lead from the hydraulic chambers 30 to the plungers of the reservoir 43. The line 56 leads from the reservoir 43 adjacent the plunger 45 to the water injection valve 5lsee Figures 1 and 6. Fuel injector valves I02 are connected to the fuel pump 98 by means-of the lines I03. Four conventional precombustion cells I02 or one for each combustion chamber in the structure shown in Figure 2, are used; By utilizing the wiring shown, when the switch [04 is closed, the current flows from the battery through the switch H14, wire I05 and wires I06. There are four of these wires I06 which are connected to the contact points 35 of the four thermostat units l3; see Figures 2 and 6. If the motor is cold, the current will flow from point 35 to point 31, as these points will be making contact until the engine warms up. The current will then pass through the four wires ID! to the glow plug or igniter I08.

A scavenging air blower I09 having a flanged inlet H0 is connected to the air dome I 16 located above the combustion chamber 59 by means of a communication tube Ill, shown in Figure 1;

The air blower may be driven in any'suitable manner from the gear H2 on the crankshaft C. The automatically operated air valves H4, as shown in Figure 5, are semi-spherical in shape and are concave on their undersides to lighten them. These valves H4 are normally held in a closed position by means of light springs H5. The valves H4- may be mechanically operated if desired without departing from thespirit of the invention. The air dome H6 also shown in Figure 5, is located above the combustion chamber 59 and air is maintained in the air dome H6 at a low pressure in the cavity H! by the air blower I09, shown in Figure 1. These valves H4 are opened when the piston 59 uncovers the exhaust port H and pressure in the cylinder and combustion chamber momentarily becomes less than the air pressure in. the cavity H1 in the dome H6 above the valves H4.

When the piston 59 is at the bottom of its stroke and in the position shown in Figure 1, exhaust is taking place. The air valves H4 shown in Figure 5 are open and air is entering the combustion chamber and cylinder, thereby.

driving'out any gases remaining and filling the cylinder with fresh air. As the piston 59 moves upwardly it closes the exhaust port I l and starts to compress the air. This action will close the air valves H4. When the piston 59 reaches the end of its first. or upward stroke, the valve 81' carried bythe valve stem 81 closes, thereby trapping the compressed air in the combustion chamber'59. Meanwhile the valve 81 in the adjacent or secondcombustion chamber has started to open and gases which have previously built up pressure start to enter the cylinder to drive the piston 59 downwardly. At this time the valve 81 in the first combustion chamber will be forced open if it were not for a predetermined pressure forcing the valve against its seat. As the piston 59 uncovers the exhaust port on completing its downward or second stroke, fuel injection and combustion has been completed in the first combustion chamber and water injection is taking place. The piston 5i! now compresses air into the second combustion chamber during its upward and third stroke after the cylinder has been scavenged. As the valve 8'! closes in the second combustion chamber, trapping the compressed air when the piston reaches the top of its stroke, the valve 8'! in the first combustion chamber has started to open, thereby allowing the gases which have built up a high pressure to drive the piston 59 down on its fourth stroke. It will therefore be seen that combustion takes place alternately in the two combustion chambers, and a cycle is completed inv each combustion chamber every fourth stroke of the piston, but the piston receives a power impulse every second stroke such as is the case with a two-cycle engine.

It should be understood that certain changes in detail construction may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and it is not desired to limit the structure of the various elements to that illustrated since changes may be made so long as these changes obtain the objects of the invention.

' I preferably refer to my invention as an ex ternal combustion engine because the combustion takes place in the combustion chamber at a time when there is no open communication between the combustion chamber and the cylinder due to the fact thatthe valve 8! closes this communi-. cation. In other words, the combustion takes place outside of the cylinder. A plurality of combustion chambers are employed for each cylinder of the engine, and by using the type of engine shown and described, and a water injection, advantages are obtained which are not found in other engines. The improved valve mechanism and the thermostatic regulation for controlling the quantity of water injected into each individual combustion chamber according to the temperature of the exhaust gases are important features of the invention.

Besides using a maximum of created heat for power'to increase efiiciency and enable the use of a low grade fuel due to the great length of time allowed for combustion to take place, more power per pound of weight'is obtained than may be obtained from a conventional type of aircraft engine. Due to the fact that water is injected into the combustion chamber after combustion is completed a maximum pressure is built up to drive the piston down. greater in comparison to the compression in each cylinder every revolution of the crankshaft instead of everv other revoltion as is the case with Thus the power impulse is the conventionalftfourecycle engine. The use of ,aylow: volatile fuel, especially in aircraft engines will lower the flre hazards. Furthermdrain the structure herein set forth, the combustion chain'- bers are'con'tiguous' to "the cylinders, thereby avoiding the use of long channels or passageways between the combustionchanibers and cylinders which impair the efficiencyof the engine.

; Having-rdescribed the. invention, what? is C19 lII1Bd 3JSIn8WiSL r 1. Aniengineof theclass:described comprising a? cylinder; a piston. within the cylinder, 2, combustion chamber, havingv a pert communicating directly with .said cylinder,.ai'valve for-opening and closing said. port, means for creatinglcombustion insaid combustion chamber when said port isrclosed thereby .producingzcombusticn exteriorly of the-cylinder, means for injecting water directly into said combustion chamber turning the water into steam toiincrease pressure-and to reduce'teinperature within'the'combustiori cham ber, an exhaust means for said cylinder, an ad justable thermostat controlling the quantity of water admitted to said chamber to hold the exhaust gases to a predetermined temperature, means for opening the valve to provide direct communication between the cylinder and combustion chamber after combustion takes place, an exhaust means for the cylinder for removing spent gases from the cylinder, the thermostat being located adjacent the exhaust means and being automatically regulated by the heat of said exhaust means to vary the amount of water which is admitted to the combustion chamber, means foradmitting air into the combustion chamber, and means for closing the valve to trap the air in the combustion chamber.

2. An engine of the class described comprising a cylinder, a piston within the cylinder, a combustion chamber having a port communicating directly with said cylinder, a valve for opening and closing said port, means for creating combustion in said combustion chamber when said port is closed thereby producing combustion exteriorly of the cylinder and in close proximity thereto, means for injecting water into said combustion chamber immediately after combustion is completed, the heat in the combustion chamber turning the water into steam to increase pressure and to reduce temperature within the combustion chamber, a heat radiating exhaust means for said cylinder, an adjustable thermostat carried by the exhaust means of said cylinder and actuated by the heat of the exhaust passing through the exhaust means to vary the nuant tv of water admitted to said chamber and to thereby hold the exhaust gases toa predetermined temperature, means for opening the valve to provide communication between the cylinder and combustion chamber after combustion takes place, means for admitting air into the combustion chamber, and means for closing the valve to trap the air in the combustion chamber.

3. An engine of the class described comprising a cylinder, a piston in said cylinder, a combustion chamber communicating therewith, a water spraying means for spraying water into said chamber, a valve for regulating the spraying of water from said spraying means, a diaphragm for actuating said valve, a fluid pressure means for actuating said diaphragm, a pump for maintaining flow of fluid throughsaid fluid pressure means, an exhaust gas receiving manifold communicating with said cylinder, and a temperature controlled communication with said cylinder, pistongin said cylinder, a water injection means a; water spraying means "for, spraying ,water into; said chamber, a-tvalve for regulating 1thespray ingpf water from said spraying means, adiaphragm for actuating said valve, a fluid pressure means for: actuating said diaphragm, said fluid pressure means comprising a pump; a fluid-receiving chamber #101 receiving fluid from .said ;pump,; ;a compressionchamb enforreceiving fluid froma'the first mentioned chamber and having an air pocket against whichuthe 'fluidis cushioned in a manner whereby the fluid will surge back and forth from the pump and the fluid receiving chamber and compression chamber as the pump is actuated, a cut-off valve carried between the chambers, an exhaust gas receiving manifold connected to said cylinder, a temperature controlled means communicating with said manifold and receiving heat therefrom for actuating said valve to increase resistance to the flow of fluid between the chambers when temperature of the exhaust gases reaches a predetermined degree within said manifold, and a communication means for conveying the fluid pressure from the pump to the diaphragm for actuating said diaphragm when said cut-off valve is moved to a restricting position.

5. An engine of the class described comprising a cylinder, a piston in said cylinder, a combustion chamber, a water injection means, a water spraying means for spraying water into said chamber, a valve for regulating the spraying of water from said spraying means, a diaphragm for actuating said valve, a fluid pressure means for actuating said diaphragm, said fluid pressure means comprising a pump, a fluid receiving chamber for receiving fluid from said pump, a

compression chamber for receiving fluid from the first mentioned chamber and having an air pocket against which the fluid is cushioned in a manner whereby the fluid will surge back and forth from the pump and the fluid receiving chamber and compression chamber as the pump is actuated, a cut-off valve carried between the chambers, an exhaust gas receiving means for said cylinder, a temperature controlled means communicating with said gas receiving means for receiving heat therefrom for actuating said outoff valve and partly cutting off communication between the chambers when temperature within the combustion chamber reaches a predetermined degree, a communication means for conveying the fluid pressure from the pump to the diaphragm for actuating said diaphragm when said cut-off valve is closed, a partition separating the fluid receiving chamber and the compression chamber, said partition having ports, said outoff valve comprising a disc having ports adapted to register with the ports in said partition, and said temperature controlled means being rotatable and adapted to rotate said disc to open and close said ports.

6. An engine of the class described comprising a cylinder, a piston in said cylinder, a combustion chamber, a water injection means, a water spraying means for spraying water into said chamber, a valve for regulating the spraying of water from said spraying means, a diaphragm for actuating said valve, a fluid pressure means for actuating said diaphragm, a pulsator for maintaining flow of fluid through said fluid pressure means, an exhaust gas receiving manifold for said cylinder, a temperature controlled means communicatingwith said manifold for receiving heat therefrom forpartly cutting off the flow of 'fluid' through 'a portion of said fluid pressure means when the temperature of the exhaust gases reaches a predetermined degree within said manifold and to direct the pressure of the fluid to said diaphragm for operating said valve, said valve having a head, said head having longitudinal tapering channels constituting spray regulating means to vary the volume of spray in proportion to the degree of opening of said valve.

LAWRENCE B. PATTERSON.

12 REFERENCES CITED UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 635,095 Fessler Oct. 17, 1899 880,744 Lake Mar. 3, 1908 980,801 Kraus Jan. 3, 1911 10 1,102,345 Lemale July- 7, 1914 1,145,389 Schneider July 6, 1915 1,236,793 Warman Aug. 14,1917 1,253,413 Morris Jan. 15, 1918 1,890,651 Koch Dec. 13, 1932 15 2,196,430 Sprenger Apr. 9, 1940 2,199,344 MacMillan Apr. 30,1940 2,221,185 Farlow Nov. 12, 1940 FOREIGN PATENTS m Number Country Date 368,263 Great Britain Feb. 26, 1932 

